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行政诉讼遭遇法院“有案不收”的法理辩析/张生贵

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行政诉讼遭遇“有案不收”“有案不理”

【提示】
公民合法权益一旦遭到行政机关不当侵害,行政管理相对方提起行政诉讼,但法院先是不理不睬,经原告多次催促,法院随后出具一纸“不予受理”裁定书,原告明知这样的裁定是应付了事,法院的目的在于不愿将行政机关的行为置于司法监督范围,眼下类似于有案不收、有案不理的情况不在少数,本案反映出来的问题便是其一,通过本案的诉理辩析,可以给行政案件的当事人提供一些必要的参考。
【案情】
赵某等一百余名退役军人,曾经是参战参核人员,2007年国家和民政部依据军人优抚条例将两参人员列入优抚对象范围,赵某等人经过地方民政部门的审核,为这些人员发放了优抚金,2010年10月份,地方民政局突然通知停发这一百多人的待遇,赵某等人向民政局提出书面意见,要求恢复,民政局书面通知不予支持,2011年赵某推选代表向基层法院提起行政诉讼,法院先是不管不闻,经赵某等人一再要求立案,法院工作人员随后作出裁定,不予受理,理由是,赵某的行为是信访事项,法院依据【2005】行立他字第4号不予立案,赵某接到裁定后,表示不解,自己的合法权益被侵害,法院非但不追究行政机关的违法行为,反而不予受理,经咨询律师后,决定提起上诉。
【事实】
原告系参战(曾在军队服役并参加过作战的退役人员,包括自卫还击作战、防御作战等)、涉核(原国防科工委21试验基地8023部队)和其他参加核试验军队退役的人员(参加过核试验效应实验、执行过核试验保障任务、参加过核爆炸条件下军事演习、曾在核导弹、核潜艇部队涉核岗位服役的人员),退役当初被安置在相关企业工作,后因企业改制成为下岗失业人员,无力重新就业,造成家庭生活困难,成为弱势群体,近几年因身体等多方原因,退休在家。2007年中央及国务院根据《军人抚恤优待条例》将参战、参核退役人员列入优抚对象范围,经被告审查后报经审核落实了原告的生活补助待遇。2010年7月1日被告无故停发了原告的优抚待遇,原告向被告提出书面异议,被告于2010年11月16日书面答复称:“对原告提出恢复享受参战、涉核人员生活补助待遇的请求不予支持”。原告认为被告随意停止原告优抚待遇的书面答复理由,违背国务院《军人抚恤优待条例》相关规定,原告享受参战、参核退役人员优抚待遇,符合国家民政部相关文件规定的资格条件,被告先期备案层报,经上级相关部门审核落实颁发优待证书,三年后被告以“不再符合补助费发放条件”为由停发优抚款,此作法明显错误。被告取消原告享受国家特殊待遇的“职权范围、资格条件、行政程序、认定事实、停发理由”违背法律规定,具体行政行为缺乏法律依据,应予撤销。民政部、财政部等有关部门《关于调整部分优抚对象抚恤补助标准的通知》和《关于做好部分原8023部队及其他参加核试验军队退役人员有关工作的通知》规定,对农村和城镇无工作单位且生活困难的参战人员、对原8023部队退役人员中不符合评残和享受带病回乡退伍军人生活补助条件,但患病或生活困难的农村和城镇无工作单位的人员发放生活补助。原告身为参战、参核退役人员,2007年申请特殊待遇时,身体患病、生活困难、无工作单位。国家政策中并无“未享受社会保险待遇”除外条件,被告以“享受社会保险待遇”排除原告的作法,曲解或擅自改变国家政策规定的条件,侵害了原告的合法权益。根据《军人抚恤优待条例》第三条及民政部相关政策,国务院办公厅《关于加强优抚工作的通知》精神,“优抚对象是在革命战争时期和社会主义建设时期为建立政权、保卫祖国、建设祖国做出特殊贡献的社会群体,党和政府历来十分关心优抚对象,新的历史条件下,各级政府从巩固国防、密切军政军民关系、保持社会稳定、维护国家安全和促进经济发展的大局出发,充分认识和做好优抚工作,按照九五计划和2010年远景目标,保障优抚对象的生活水平达到或略高于当地群众的平均生活水平,依法维护优抚对象的合法权益,对优抚对象实行住房、用工、医疗、社保等方面贯彻实行优先、优惠”。由于原告领取的社保金标准低,家庭生活依然困难,原告均年过半百,无力改善基本生存状况,尽管享受了很低的生活补助,但原告的生活水平与地方公职人员的平均生活水平差距很大,眼下步入老年,生活、住房、医疗难的问题日益突出,原告的合法权益有待进一步保障。根据《关于进一步落实部分军队退役人员劳动保障政策的通知》、《关于认真做好军队复员干部就业和再就业和社会保障工作有关问题的通知》和《关于认真做好部分军队退役人员劳动和社会保障工作有关问题的通知》规定,各级劳动和社会保障、民政、财政部门严格履行中央落实有关政策的职责分工,进一步落实部分军队退役人员再就业扶持政策,解决其基本养老保险和医疗保险的接续问题。另从安徽、湖南(每月350元生活补助)、浙江、云南、贵州(每人每季度1200元)等地的情况获知,这些省区给予在企业退休的“两参”退役人员生活困难补助,且随地方经济发展不断提高优抚待遇,此项特殊待遇包含着党和国家对特定退役军人的一种荣誉优待,中央政策规定将优抚对象的社保与生活补助工作列为共同关注的方向及逐步改善和提高的目标,被告取消原告每月220元特殊生活补助的作法违背中央政策。
综上,依据《行政诉讼法》第十一条(六)、第五十四条(二)、(三)项规定,参照最高人民法院《关于审理行政许可案件若干问题的规定》第一条规定,向人民法院提起诉讼,请求依法判决,支持原告的诉讼请求。
【裁定】
法院依据最高人民法院【2005】行立他字第4号及最高人民法院关于执行行政诉讼法若干问题的解释第32条一款规定,不予受理。
【上诉】
原告认为,原审法院不予受理的裁定确有错误,上诉人的起诉符合法定条件,请求上级人民法院依法撤销(2011)新行立案第1号行政裁定,依据《最高人民法院关于执行行政诉讼法若干问题的解释》第32条规定第三款、第68条规定,《最高人民法院关于行政案件管辖若干问题的规定》第一条(二)规定,案件涉及集团诉讼,影响面大,请求中级法院立案受理、自行审理或指令本辖区内其他法院立案审理。
【点评】
1、起诉是否符合法定条件的问题:
上列上诉人均系参战、涉核退役军人,2007年中央及国务院根据《军人抚恤优待条例》将参战、参核退役人员列入优抚对象范围,经被上诉人审查后落实了上诉人的优抚待遇。2010年7月1日被上诉人无故停发了上诉人的优抚待遇,上诉人向被上诉人提出要求恢复待遇的书面报告,被上诉人于2010年11月16日书面答复不予支持核发优待款请求。《行政诉讼法》第十一条(六)、第五十四条(二)、(三)项规定,原告提出的诉求属于民生类、行政给付类争议,符合行政诉讼法规定的法定受案范围,从主体资格、行政行为内容、行政职权范围、权义指向标的等多角度分析,原告的诉求符合法律规定;《行政诉讼法》第十一条(六)项规定,“没有发放优抚金的行为”是司法审查行政不作为的主要受审范围之一,优抚金是指根据法律法规规定,由国家发给因公牺牲、病故或伤残军人等生活上和精神上的抚慰的专用费用。
一审法院以“信访事件”为由不予立案,将上诉人正当合法的要求当皮球一样踢出法院,违背法律规定。
2、不予受理的第1号行政裁定是否正确?
一审裁定依据【2005】行立他字第4号答复作出,该答复是最高人民法院给湖北省高法的个案复函,名称为《关于不服信访工作机构依据信访条例处理信访事项的行为提起行政诉讼人民法院是否受理的复函》,此意见仅指“信访机构”不能成为适格的行政被告主体资格而不予受理,不适用于上诉人与行政机关之间的民生类争议和诉求。
一审法院错误解读了【2005】行立他字第4号复函的本意,复函中适用的是“信访工作机构”,而不是“机关”,复函专门针对信访机构,不得任意扩大。
“机构”与“机关”虽一字之差,但性质截然不同。
从主体看:“信访工作机构”是代表其所在本级政府或者政府工作部门处理信访事项的内设机构,不是独立的行政机关,其处理信访事项活动的后果应当归属于其所在的政府或者政府工作部门,从这个意义上讲,“信访工作机构”不能作为行政诉讼的被告。处理信访事项的行为具有可诉性,被告也不应当是信访工作机构,而是其所在的政府或政府工作部门。
从行为内容看:信访工作机构的权限和职责只是受理、交办、转送、协调、督办、指导信访事项,信访条例规定的此项职责表明信访机构不能直接替代有权处理信访事项的行政机关作出决定。
从程序看:信访是通过信访条例规定向政府或部门处理信访事项的内设机构启动程序,本案中的被上诉人并非信访机构,答复行为并非“交办、转送、协调、督办”等非权义性事项,其作出的不予支持的答复意见对上诉人的合法权益产生了拘束力,对上诉人的实体权利具有实际影响,上诉人与被上诉人之间因优抚待遇发生争议,上诉人要求恢复报告,并不是通过信访体系启动的,一审法院错误理解了最高院复函中关于信访主体、内容、程序的规定,任意解读,扩张使用,属于断章取义、张冠李戴。
【感悟】
上诉人属弱势群体,诉求的案件属于民生类、行政给付类案件,一审法院对上诉人的要求“有案不收、有诉不理”,其作法明显违背最高人民法院《关于当前形势下做好行政审判工作的若干意见》、《关于落实23项司法为民具体措施的指导意见》、《关于充分发挥行政审判职能作用为保障和改善民生提供有力司法保障的通知》、《关于依法保护行政诉讼当事人诉权的意见》、《关于加强和改进行政审判工作的意见》。
最高院反复强调:要高度重视涉及民生的各类行政案件的审理,通过公正、快捷的审判,实现好、维护好、发展好人民群众的根本利益;坚持法制统一原则,不能以牺牲法律为代价迁就明显违反法律强制性规定、侵犯当事人合法权益的行为;依法及时受理行政案件,进一步增强为群众解难的主动性和自觉性,不得随意限缩行政诉讼受案范围,不得额外增加受理条件;最大限度地维护相对人的合法权益,保障弱势群体利益,对起诉行政机关依法发放抚恤金、社会保险金、基本生活保障费等案件,可根据原告的申请依法先予执行。
最高院同时明确规定:各级法院要加大行政相对人诉权的保护力度,切实解决行政案件应当受理而不受理,或者不依法及时受理,导致行政相对人告状难的问题;上级人民法院要加强行政诉讼立案监督,对于符合立案条件不予受理的,及时予以纠正,防止因当事人告状无门而到处上访,激化社会矛盾;确保行政机关和行政相对人的平等法律地位;确保当事人受损害的合法权益得到恢复;确保违法的行政行为得到纠正或者受到否定性评价;确保当事人的真实意愿得到尊重;确保法律的权威得到维护。诉权保障不力,公民的合法权益就难以有效救济,人民群众日益增长的司法需求就不可能得到满足。
行政诉讼制度是保障最广大人民群众利益最有效、最直接的法律制度之一,是新形势下解决人民内部矛盾的有效方式,是维护社会和谐稳定的重要手段。行政诉讼受理渠道是否畅通,是这一优良司法制度能否有效发挥功能和作用的前提。诉讼渠道不畅,必然导致上访增多,非理性行为加剧,必将严重影响社会和谐稳定,削弱人民法院行政审判“为大局服务,为人民司法”的职能作用。一审法院的裁定行为表面上看有理有据,实质上是与最高院的规定唱反调,挖空心思地袒护地方行政机关,与司法为民的宗旨背道而驰,极大地伤害了当事人对司法的期望。一审法院不予受理案件,导致上诉人对法院是否官官相护、能否秉公执法心存疑虑。最高法院明确规定,凡是行政诉讼法规定的可诉性事项,不得擅自加以排除,法院必须充分践行司法权源于人民、属于人民、服务人民、受人民监督的根本宗旨,让人民群众对获得公正裁判充满期盼。

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民用部门军品配套科研生产许可证管理实施细则

国防科学技术工业委员会


关于印发《民用部门军品配套科研生产许可证管理实施细则》的通知


科工法字 [2000]481号

各军工集团公司、各省、自治区、直辖市国防科技工业管理机构,委管各单位,国务院有关部门:
现将《民用部门军品配套科研生产许可证管理实施细则》印发给你们,请遵照执行。

国防科工委
2000年09月04日


民用部门军品配套科研生产许可证管理实施细则

第一条 为维护军品配套科研生产秩序,确保军品配套产品质量,提高军品配套科研生产整体水平,满足武器装备发展需要,根据《武器装备科研生产许可证管理暂行办法》(以下简称《许可证管理暂行办法》),制定本实施细则。
第二条 民用部门军品配套科研生产实行许可证管理的范围是,民用部门科研生产单位为武器装备科研生产提供的专用配套分系统、零部件和材料。
鼓励具有先进技术和经济实力的单位积极创造条件,承担军品配套科研生产任务。
第三条持有军品配套许可证的单位方可承担军品配套科研生产任务。
第四条 民用部门军品配套科研生产许可证发放的种类和数量,依照《民用部门军品配套科研生产许可证管理专业目录》(以下简称《专业目录》)和《武器装备科研生产许可证工作指南》(以下简称《工作指南》)确定。
第五条 国防科学技术工业委员会(以下简称国防科工委)许可证管理办公室负责民用部门军品配套许可证管理的日常业务工作。
第六条 国家有关行业主管部门负责民用部门军品配套许可证申请的初审工作,其主要职责是:
(一)依照国防科工委发布的《专业目录》和《工作指南》,制定本部门军品配套许可证工作计划;
(二)组织对申请单位进行初审;
(三)受许可证管理办公室的委托,监督检查本部门军品配套许可证单位的使用情况;
(四)建立和管理初审工作资料档案;
(五)办理许可证管理办公室委托的其它工作。
各有关部门报经许可证管理办公室备案后,可以委托相应机构,具体组织本部门主管行业的许可证初审工作。
第七条各初审机构应明确承办初审工作的具体业务部门及人员,并将承办部门的公章印模,报许可证管理办公室备案。
第八条申请军品配套许可证的单位,必须具备《许可证管理暂行办法》第七条规定的条件。
第九条民用部门军品配套许可证申请与审批基本程序为:
(一)申请单位按照本部门军品配套许可证工作计划,以及《民用部门军品配套科研生产许可证管理专业目录》和《武器装备科研生产许可证管理专业目录》,向初审机构报送《民用部门军品配套科研生产许可证申请书》一式三份(见附件一);
(二)初审机构对申请书进行初审;
(三)初审机构在申请之日起30日内提出初审意见,并报国防科工委许可证管理办公室;
(四)许可证管理办公室组织专业人员对上报的申请书及其附件进行审核,一般应在收到申请材料之日起60日内将审查结果通知初审机构和申请单位,审查不合格的应说明理由;
(五)审查合格的单位在接到通知后,到许可证管理办公室领取军品配套许可证。
第十条 国防科工委许可证管理办公室组织专家审查组,必要时也可以委托初审机构组织专家审查组,对申请单位进行现场审查。现场审查程序为:
(一)许可证管理办公室或初审机构指派专业人员组成审查组并指定组长。审查组应包含使用方主管机构代表和特聘专家;
(二)许可证管理办公室或初审机构将军品配套许可证现场审查计划通知申请单位,并于现场审查前得到申请单位的认可;
(三)专家审查组根据《许可证管理暂行办法》第七条规定的条件,对申请单位在申请书中填报的各项内容逐项进行审查;
(四)现场审查结束后,审查组长应及时向许可证管理办公室或初审机构提交专家审查组现场审查记录和相关报告。
第十一条申请单位对初审意见持有异议的,可提请国防科工委许可证管理办公室进行协调,许可证管理办公室应将协调结果及时回复申请单位和初审机构。
第十二条 民用部门军品配套许可证的统一编号为:
XK科工一MPm一xx一nnnn
其中:
XK科工为许可证标记;
MP为民用部门军品配套标记;
m为主管部门及行业编号(1一教育部;2一中科院;3一机械行业;4一冶金行业;5一石油化工行业;6一轻工行业;7一纺织行业;8一建材行业;9一有色金属行业);
xx为单位科研生产类型代号(KY一科研;SC-生产);
nnnn为许可证编号(从0001到9999)。
第十三条许可证管理办公室定期向国家有关部门、各省、自治区、直辖市国防科技工业管理机构,各军工集团公司和解放军总装备部、各军兵种发布《民用部门军品配套科研生产单位名录》。
第十四条民用部门军品配套许可证的变更、续发、吊销、注销和废止程序依照《许可证管理暂行办法》有关规定执行。
第十五条有关部门可根据《许可证管理暂行办法》和本实施细则,制定本部门许可证初审工作管理规定,经许可证管理办公室同意后发布实施。
第十六条本实施细则由国防科工委负责解释。
第十七条本实施细则自发布之日起施行。
附件一:《民用部门军品配套科研生产许可证申请书》样式(省略)
附件二:《民用部门军品配套科研生产许可证管理专业目录》(省略)


中华人民共和国个人所得税法实施条例(附英文)

国务院


中华人民共和国个人所得税法实施条例(附英文)

1994年1月28日,国务院

第一条 根据《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》(以下简称税法)的规定,制定本条例。
第二条 税法第一条第一款所说的在中国境内有住所的个人,是指因户籍、家庭、经济利益关系而在中国境内习惯性居住的个人。
第三条 税法第一条第一款所说的在境内居住满一年,是指在一个纳税年度中在中国境内居住365日。临时离境的,不扣减日数。
前款所说的临时离境,是指在一个纳税年度中一次不超过30日或者多次累计不超过90日的离境。
第四条 税法第一条第一款、第二款所说的从中国境内取得的所得,是指来源于中国境内的所得;所说的从中国境外取得的所得,是指来源于中国境外的所得。
第五条 下列所得,不论支付地点是否在中国境内,均为来源于中国境内的所得:
(一)因任职、受雇、履约等而在中国境内提供劳务取得的所得;
(二)将财产出租给承租人在中国境内使用而取得的所得;
(三)转让中国境内的建筑物、土地使用权等财产或者在中国境内转让其他财产取得的所得;
(四)许可各种特许权在中国境内使用而取得的所得;
(五)从中国境内的公司、企业以及其他经济组织或者个人取得的利息、股息、红利所得。
第六条 在中国境内无住所,但是居住一年以上五年以下的个人,其来源于中国境外的所得,经主管税务机关批准,可以只就由中国境内公司、企业以及其他经济组织或者个人支付的部分缴纳个人所得税;居住超过五年的个人,从第六年起,应当就其来源于中国境外的全部所得缴纳个人所得税。
第七条 在中国境内无住所,但是在一个纳税年度中在中国境内连续或者累计居住不超过90日的个人,其来源于中国境内的所得,由境外雇主支付并且不由该雇主在中国境内的机构、场所负担的部分,免予缴纳个人所得税。
第八条 税法第二条所说的各项个人所得的范围:
(一)工资、薪金所得,是指个人因任职或者受雇而取得的工资、薪金、奖金、年终加薪、劳动分红、津贴、补贴以及与任职或者受雇有关的其他所得。
(二)个体工商户的生产、经营所得,是指:
1.个体工商户从事工业、手工业、建筑业、交通运输业、商业、饮食业、服务业、修理业以及其他行业生产、经营取得的所得;
2.个人经政府有关部门批准,取得执照,从事办学、医疗、咨询以及其他有偿服务活动取得的所得;
3.其他个人从事个体工商业生产、经营取得的所得;
4.上述个体工商户和个人取得的与生产、经营有关的各项应纳税所得。
(三)对企事业单位的承包经营、承租经营所得,是指个人承包经营、承租经营以及转包、转租取得的所得,包括个人按月或者按次取得的工资、薪金性质的所得。
(四)劳务报酬所得,是指个人从事设计、装璜、安装、制图、化验、测试、医疗、法律、会计、咨询、讲学、新闻、广播、翻译、审稿、书画、雕刻、影视、录音、录像、演出、表演、广告、展览、技术服务、介绍服务、经纪服务、代办服务以及其他劳务取得的所得。
(五)稿酬所得,是指个人因其作品以图书、报刊形式出版、发表而取得的所得。
(六)特许权使用费所得,是指个人提供专利权、商标权、著作权、非专利技术以及其他特许权的使用权取得的所得;提供著作权的使用权取得的所得,不包括稿酬所得。
(七)利息、股息、红利所得,是指个人拥有债权、股权而取得的利息、股息、红利所得。
(八)财产租赁所得,是指个人出租建筑物、土地使用权、机器设备、车船以及其他财产取得的所得。
(九)财产转让所得,是指个人转让有价证券、股权、建筑物、土地使用权、机器设备、车船以及其他财产取得的所得。
(十)偶然所得,是指个人得奖、中奖、中彩以及其他偶然性质的所得。
个人取得的所得,难以界定应纳税所得项目的,由主管税务机关确定。
第九条 对股票转让所得征收个人所得税的办法,由财政部另行制定,报国务院批准施行。
第十条 个人取得的应纳税所得,包括现金、实物和有价证券。所得为实物的,应当按照取得的凭证上所注明的价格计算应纳税所得额;无凭证的实物或者凭证上所注明的价格明显偏低的,由主管税务机关参照当地的市场价格核定应纳税所得额。所得为有价证券的,由主管税务机关根据票面价格和市场价格核定应纳税所得额。
第十一条 税法第三条第四项所说的劳务报酬所得一次收入畸高,是指个人一次取得劳务报酬,其应纳税所得额超过20000元。
对前款应纳税所得额超过20000元至50000元的部分,依照税法规定计算应纳税额后再按照应纳税额加征五成;超过50000元的部分,加征十成。
第十二条 税法第四条第二项所说的国债利息,是指个人持有中华人民共和国财政部发行的债券而取得的利息所得;所说的国家发行的金融债券利息,是指个人持有经国务院批准发行的金融债券而取得的利息所得。
第十三条 税法第四条第三项所说的按照国家统一规定发给的补贴、津贴,是指按照国务院规定发给的政府特殊津贴和国务院规定免纳个人所得税的补贴、津贴。
第十四条 税法第四条第四项所说的福利费,是指根据国家有关规定,从企业、事业单位、国家机关、社会团体提留的福利费或者工会经费中支付给个人的生活补助费;所说的救济金,是指国家民政部门支付给个人的生活困难补助费。
第十五条 税法第四条第八项所说的依照我国法律规定应予免税的各国驻华使馆、领事馆的外交代表、领事官员和其他人员的所得,是指依照《中华人民共和国外交特权与豁免条例》和《中华人民共和国领事特权与豁免条例》规定免税的所得。
第十六条 税法第五条所说的减征个人所得税,其减征的幅度和期限由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定。
第十七条 税法第六条第一款第二项所说的成本、费用,是指纳税义务人从事生产、经营所发生的各项直接支出和分配计入成本的间接费用以及销售费用、管理费用、财务费用;所说的损失,是指纳税义务人在生产、经营过程中发生的各项营业外支出。
从事生产、经营的纳税义务人未提供完整、准确的纳税资料,不能正确计算应纳税所得额的,由主管税务机关核定其应纳税所得额。
第十八条 税法第六条第一款第三项所说的每一纳税年度的收入总额,是指纳税义务人按照承包经营、承租经营合同规定分得的经营利润和工资、薪金性质的所得;所说的减除必要费用,是指按月减除800元。
第十九条 税法第六条第一款第五项所说的财产原值,是指:
(一)有价证券,为买入价以及买入时按照规定交纳的有关费用;
(二)建筑物,为建造费或者购进价格以及其他有关费用;
(三)土地使用权,为取得土地使用权所支付的金额、开发土地的费用以及其他有关费用;
(四)机器设备、车船,为购进价格、运输费、安装费以及其他有关费用;
(五)其他财产,参照以上方法确定。
纳税义务人未提供完整、准确的财产原值凭证,不能正确计算财产原值的,由主管税务机关核定其财产原值。
第二十条 税法第六条第一款第五项所说的合理费用,是指卖出财产时按照规定支付的有关费用。
第二十一条 税法第六条第一款第四项、第六项所说的每次收入,是指:
(一)劳务报酬所得,属于一次性收入的,以取得该项收入为一次;属于同一项目连续性收入的,以一个月内取得的收入为一次。
(二)稿酬所得,以每次出版、发表取得的收入为一次。
(三)特许权使用费所得,以一项特许权的一次许可使用所取得的收入为一次。
(四)财产租赁所得,以一个月内取得的收入为一次。
(五)利息、股息、红利所得,以支付利息、股息、红利时取得的收入为一次。
(六)偶然所得,以每次取得该项收入为一次。
第二十二条 财产转让所得,按照一次转让财产的收入额减除财产原值和合理费用后的余额,计算纳税。
第二十三条 二个或者二个以上的个人共同取得同一项目收入的,应当对每个人取得的收入分别按照税法规定减除费用后计算纳税。
第二十四条 税法第六条第二款所说的个人将其所得对教育事业和其他公益事业的捐赠,是指个人将其所得通过中国境内的社会团体、国家机关向教育和其他社会公益事业以及遭受严重自然灾害地区、贫困地区的捐赠。
捐赠额未超过纳税义务人申报的应纳税所得额30%的部分,可以从其应纳税所得额中扣除。
第二十五条 税法第六条第三款所说的在中国境外取得工资、薪金所得,是指在中国境外任职或者受雇而取得的工资、薪金所得。
第二十六条 税法第六条第三款所说的附加减除费用,是指每月在减除800元费用的基础上,再减除本条例第二十八条规定数额的费用。
第二十七条 税法第六条第三款所说的附加减除费用适用的范围,是指:
(一)在中国境内的外商投资企业和外国企业中工作的外籍人员;
(二)应聘在中国境内的企业、事业单位、社会团体、国家机关中工作的外籍专家;
(三)在中国境内有住所而在中国境外任职或者受雇取得工资、薪金所得的个人;
(四)财政部确定的其他人员。
第二十八条 税法第六条第三款所说的附加减除费用标准为3200元。
第二十九条 华侨和香港、澳门、台湾同胞,参照本条例第二十六条、第二十七条、第二十八条的规定执行。
第三十条 在中国境内有住所,或者无住所而在境内居住满一年的个人,从中国境内和境外取得的所得,应当分别计算应纳税额。
第三十一条 税法第七条所说的已在境外缴纳的个人所得税税额,是指纳税义务人从中国境外取得的所得,依照该所得来源国家或者地区的法律应当缴纳并且实际已经缴纳的税额。
第三十二条 税法第七条所说的依照税法规定计算的应纳税额,是指纳税义务人从中国境外取得的所得,区别不同国家或者地区和不同应税项目,依照税法规定的费用减除标准和适用税率计算的应纳税额;同一国家或者地区内不同应税项目的应纳税额之和,为该国家或者地区的扣除限额。
纳税义务人在中国境外一个国家或者地区实际已经缴纳的个人所得税税额,低于依照前款规定计算出的该国家或者地区扣除限额的,应当在中国缴纳差额部分的税款;超过该国家或者地区扣除限额的,其超过部分不得在本纳税年度的应纳税额中扣除,但是可以在以后纳税年度的该国家或者地区扣除限额的余额中补扣。补扣期限最长不得超过五年。
第三十三条 纳税义务人依照税法第七条的规定申请扣除已在境外缴纳的个人所得税税额时,应当提供境外税务机关填发的完税凭证原件。
第三十四条 扣缴义务人在向个人支付应税款项时,应当依照税法规定代扣税款,按时缴库,并专项记载备查。
前款所说的支付,包括现金支付、汇拨支付、转帐支付和以有价证券、实物以及其他形式的支付。
第三十五条 自行申报的纳税义务人,应当向取得所得的当地主管税务机关申报纳税。从中国境外取得所得,以及在中国境内二处或者二处以上取得所得的,可以由纳税义务人选择一地申报纳税;纳税义务人变更申报纳税地点的,应当经原主管税务机关批准。
第三十六条 自行申报的纳税义务人,在申报纳税时,其在中国境内已扣缴的税款,准予按照规定从应纳税额中扣除。
第三十七条 纳税义务人兼有税法第二条所列的二项或者二项以上的所得的,按项分别计算纳税。在中国境内二处或者二处以上取得税法第二条第一项、第二项、第三项所得的,同项所得合并计算纳税。
第三十八条 税法第九条第二款所说的特定行业,是指采掘业、远洋运输业、远洋捕捞业以及财政部确定的其他行业。
第三十九条 税法第九条第二款所说的按年计算、分月预缴的计征方式,是指本条例第三十八条所列的特定行业职工的工资、薪金所得应纳的税款,按月预缴,自年度终了之日起30日内,合计其全年工资、薪金所得,再按12个月平均并计算实际应纳的税款,多退少补。
第四十条 税法第九条第四款所说的由纳税义务人在年度终了后30日内将应纳的税款缴入国库,是指在年终一次性取得承包经营、承租经营所得的纳税义务人,自取得收入之日起30日内将应纳的税款缴入国库。
第四十一条 依照税法第十条的规定,所得为外国货币的,应当按照填开完税凭证的上一月最后一日中国人民银行公布的外汇牌价,折合成人民币计算应纳税所得额。依照税法规定,在年度终了后汇算清缴的,对已经按月或者按次预缴税款的外国货币所得,不再重新折算;对应当补缴税款的所得部分,按照上一纳税年度最后一日中国人民银行公布的外汇牌价,折合成人民币计算应纳税所得额。
第四十二条 税务机关按照税法第十一条的规定付给扣缴义务人手续费时,应当按月填开收入退还书发给扣缴义务人。扣缴义务人持收入退还书向指定的银行办理退库手续。
第四十三条 个人所得税纳税申报表、扣缴个人所得税报告表和个人所得税完税凭证式样,由国家税务总局统一制定。
第四十四条 税法和本条例所说的纳税年度,自公历1月1日起至12月31日止。
第四十五条 1994纳税年度起,个人所得税依照税法以及本条例的规定计算征收。
第四十六条 本条例由财政部会同国家税务总局解释。
第四十七条 本条例自发布之日起施行。1987年8月8日国务院发布的《中华人民共和国国务院关于对来华工作的外籍人员工资、薪金所得减征个人所得税的暂行规定》同时废止。

REGULATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAXLAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

(State Council: 28 January 1994)

Whole Doc.
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Individual
Income Tax law of the People's Republic of China (the "Tax Law").
Article 2
For the Purposes of the first paragraph of Article 1 of the Tax Law,
the term "individuals who have domicile in China" shall mean individuals
who by reason of their permanent registered address, family or economic
interests, habitually reside in the People's Republic of China.
Article 3
For the purposes of the first paragraph of Article 1 of the Tax Law,
the term "have resided for one year or move in China" shall mean to have
resided within the People's Republic of China for 365 days in a Tax Year.
No deductions shall be made from that number of days for Temporary Trips
out of the People's Republic of China.
For the purposes of preceding paragraph, the term "Temporary Trips
out of the People's Republic of China" shall mean absence from the
People's Republic of China for not more than 30 days during a single trip,
or not more than a cumulative total of 90 days over a number of trips,
within the same Tax Year.
Article 4
For the purposes of the first and second paragraphs of Article 1 of
the Tax Law, the term "income derived from sources within China" shall
mean income the source of which is inside the People's Republic of China,
and the term "from sources outside China" shall mean income the source of
which is outside the People's Republic of China.
Article 5
The following income, whether the place of payment is inside the
People's Republic of China or not, shall be income derived from sources
inside the People's Republic of China.
(1) income from personal services provided inside the People's
Republic of China because of the tenure of an office, employment, the
performance of a contract, etc.;
(2) income from the lease of property to a lessee for use inside the
People's Republic of China;
(3) income from the assignment of property such as buildings, land
use rights, etc. inside the People's Republic of China or the assignment
inside the People's Republic of China of any other property;
(4) Income from the licensing for use inside the People's Republic of
China of any kind of licensing rights;
(5) income from interest, dividends and extra dividends derived from
companies, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals
inside the People's Republic of China.
Article 6
For income derived from sources outside the People's Republic of
China of individuals not domiciled in the People's Republic of China, but
resident for more than one year and less than five years, subject to the
approval of the tax authorities-in-charge, individual income tax may be
paid on only that part which was paid by companies, enterprises or other
economic organizations or individuals which are inside the People's
Republic of China. Individuals who reside for more than five years shall,
commencing from the sixth year, pay individual income tax on the whole
amount of income derived from sources outside the People's Republic of
China.
Article 7
For individuals who are not domiciled in the People's Republic of
China, but who reside inside the People's Republic of China consecutively
or accumulatively for not more than 90 days in any one Tax Year, their
income derived from sources inside the People's Republic of China which is
paid by an employer outside the People's Republic of China, and which is
not borne by the employer's establishment or business place within the
People's Republic of China, shall be exempt from individual income tax.
Article 8
The scope of the categories of income mentioned in Article 2 of the
Tax Law shall be as set forth below;
(1) The term "income from wages and salaries" shall mean wages,
salaries, bonuses, year-end extras, profit shares, subsidies, allowances
and other income related to the tenure of an office or employment that is
derived by individuals by virtue of the tenure of an office or employment.
(2) The term "income from production or business operation derived by
individual industrial and commercial households" shall mean the following:
(a) income derived by individual industrial and commercial households
from engagement in industry, handicrafts, construction, transportation,
commerce, the food and beverage industry, the service industry, the repair
industry and production and business in other industries;
(b) income derived by individuals from engagement, with approval from
the relevant government authorities and after having obtained licenses, in
the provision of educational. medical, advisory and other services
activities for consideration;
(c) other income derived by individuals from engagement in individual
industrial and commercial production and business;
(d) all taxable income related to production and business of the
above individual industrial and commercial households and individuals.
(3) The term "income from contracted or leased operation of
enterprises or institutions" shall mean income derived by individuals from
contracted or leased operations, or from assigning such contracts or
leases, including income of a wage or salary nature derived by individuals
on a monthly basis or from time to time.
(4) The term "income from remuneration for personal services" shall
mean income derived by individuals from engagement in design, decoration,
installation, drafting, laboratory testing, other testing, medical
treatment, legal accounting, advisory, lecturing, news, broadcasting,
translation, proofreading, painting and calligraphic, carving, moving
picture and television, sound recording, video recording, show,
performance, advertising, exhibition and technical services, introduction
services, brokerage services, agency services and other personal services.
(5) The term "income from author's remuneration" shall mean income
derived by individuals by virtue of the publication of their works in
books, newspapers and periodicals.
(6) The term "income from royalties" shall mean income derived by
individuals from provision of the right to use patent rights, trademark
rights, copyrights, non-patented technology and other licensing rights,
Income from provision of the fight to use copyrights shall not include
income from author's remuneration.
(7) The term "income from interest, dividends and extra dividends"
shall mean income from interest, dividends and extra dividends that is
derived by individuals by virtue of their possession of creditor's rights
and share rights.
(8) The term "income from lease of property" shall mean income
derived by individuals from the lease of buildings, land use rights,
machinery, equipment, means of transportation and other property.
(9) The term "income from transfer of properly" shall mean income
derived by individuals from the assignment of negotiable securities, share
rights, structures, land use rights, machinery, equipment, means of
transportation and other property.
(10) The term "contingent income" shall mean income derived by
individuals from winning awards, prizes and lotteries and other income of
an occasional nature.
Income derived by individuals for which the taxable category is
difficult to determine shall be decided upon by the tax
authorities-in-charge.
Article 9
Measures for the levy and collection if individual income tax on
income from the transfer of shares shall be separately formulated by the
Ministry of Finance and implemented upon approval by the State Council.
Article 10
Taxable income derived by individuals shall include cash, physical
objects and negotiable securities. If the income is in the form of
physical objects, the amount of taxable income shall be determined
according to the price specified on the voucher obtained. If there is no
receipt for the physical objects or if the price specified on the voucher
is obviously on the low side, the tax authorities-in-charge shall
determine the amount of taxable income by reference to the local market
price, If the income is in the form of negotiable securities, the amount
of taxable income shall be determined by the tax authorities-in-charge
according to the face value and the market price.
Article 11
For the purposes of item (4) of Article 3 of the Tax Law, the phrase
"a specific payment of income from remuneration for personal service is
excessively high" shall mean a payment received as remuneration for
personal service with an amount of taxable income exceeding RMB 20000.
That part of taxable income as mentioned in the preceding paragraph
which exceeds RMB 20000 but does not exceed RMB 50000 shall, after the
amount of tax payable is calculated in accordance with the Tax Law. be
subject to an additional levy at the rate of 50 percent of the amount of
tax payable. That part which exceeds RMB 50000 shall be subject to an
additional levy at the rate of 100 percent of tax payable.
Article 12
For the purposes of item (2) of Article 4 of the Tax Law, the term
"interest on national debt obligations" shall mean interest income derived
by individuals by virtue of holding bonds issued by the Ministry of
Finance of the People's Republic of China, and the term "interest on
financial debentures issued by the state" shall mean interest income
derived by individuals by viture of holding financial bonds issued with
State Council approval.
Article 13
For the purposes of item (3) of Article 4 of the Tax Law, the term
"subsidies and allowances paid in accordance with uniform regulations of
the state" shall mean special government subsidies issued in accordance
with State Council regulations and allowances and subsidies that are
exempt from individual income tax by State Council regulations.
Article 14
For the purposes of item (4) of Article 4 of the Tax Law, the term
"welfare benefits" shall mean cost-of-living subsidies paid to individuals
according to relevant state regulations out of the welfare benefits or
labor union funds allocated by enterprises, institutions, government
agencies and social organizations, and the term "relief payments" shall
mean hardship subsidies paid to individuals by civil affairs authorities
of the state.
Article 15
For the purposes of item (8) of Article 4 of the Tax Law, the "income
derived by the diplomatic agents, consular officers and other personnel
who are exempt from tax under the provisions of the relevant Laws of
China" shall mean income that is tax-exempt under the Regulations of the
People's Republic of China Concerning Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities
and the Regulations of the People's Republic of China concerning Consular
Privileges and Immunities.
Article 16
The ranges and periods of the reductions in individual income tax
referred to in Article 5 of the Tax Law shall be stipulated by the
People's Governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the central government.
Article 17
For the purposes of item (2) of the first paragraph of Article 6 of
the Tax Law, the terms "costs" and "expenses" shall mean all direct
expenditures, indirect expenses allocated as costs, as well as marketing
expenses, administrative expenses and financial expenses incurred by
taxpayers while engaging in production and business, and the term "losses"
shall mean all non-operating expenditures incurred by taxpayers in the
course of production and business.
If a taxpayer engaging in production or business fails to provide
complete and accurate tax information and is unable to correctly calculate
the amount of taxable income, his amount of taxable income shall be
determined by the tax authorities-in-charge.
Article 18
For the purposes of item (3) of the first paragraph of Article 6 of
the Tax Law, the term "the gross income in a tax year" shall mean the
share of the operating profit or the income of a wage or salary nature
derived by the taxpayer according to the contract for the contracted or
leased operation and the term "deduction of necessary expenses" shall mean
a monthly deduction of RMB 800.
Article 19
For the purposes of item (5) of the first paragraph of Article 6 of
the Tax Law, the term "the original value of the property" shall mean:
(1) in the case of negotiable securities, the price for which they
were purchased and related expenses paid according to regulations at the
time of purchase;
(2) in the case of buildings, the construction expenses or purchase
price, and other related expenses;
(3) in the case of land use rights, amount paid to acquire the land
use rights, land development expenses and other related expenses;
(4) in the case of machinery, equipment, vehicles and vessels, the
purchase, freight, installation expenses and other related expenses;
(5) in the case of other property, the original value shall be
determined by reference of the above methods.
If a taxpayer fails to provide complete and accurate vouchers
concerning the original value of the property and is unable to correctly
calculate the original value of the property, the original value of the
property shall be determined by the tax authorities-in-charge.
Article 20
For the purposes of item (5) of the first paragraph of Article 6 of
the Tax Law, the term "reasonable expenses" shall mean relevant expenses
paid in accordance with regulations at the time of sale.
Article 21
For the purposes of items (4) and (6) of the first paragraph of
Article 6 of the Tax Law, the term "each payment" shall mean:
(1) in the case of income from remuneration for personal services,
the amount, if the income is derived in a lump sum, of that lump sum; and,
if the income is of a continuing nature and pertains to the same project,
the income derived during one month;
(2) in the case of income from author's remuneration, the income
derived on each instance of publication;
(3) in the case of income from royalties, the income derived from
each instance of licensing a licensing right;
(4) in the ease of income from the lease of property, the income
derived during one month;
(5) in the case of income from interest, dividends and extra
dividends, the income derived each time interest, dividends or extra
dividends are paid;
(6) in the case of contingent income, each payment of such income
obtained.
Article 22
Tax on income from the assignment of property shall be calculated and
paid on the proceeds of a single assignment of property less the original
value of the property and reasonable expenses.
Article 23
If the same item of income is derived by two or more individuals, tax
thereon shall be calculated and paid separately on the income derived by
each individual after the deduction of expenses respectively in accordance
with the Tax Law.
Article 24
For the purposes of the second paragraph of Article 6 of the Tax Law,
the term "individual income donated to educational and other public
welfare undertakings" refers to the donation by individuals of their
income to educational and other public welfare undertakings, and to areas
suffering from serious natural disasters or poverty, through social
organizations or government agencies in the People's Republic of China.
That part of the amount of donations which does not exceed 30 percent
of the amount of taxable income declared by the taxpayer may be deducted
from his amount of taxable income.
Article 25
For the purposes of the third paragraph of Article 6 of the Tax Law,
the term "income from wages and salaries from sources outside China" shall
mean income from wages and salaries derived from the tenure of an office
or employment outside the People's Republic of China.
Article 26
For the purposes of the third paragraph of Article 6 of the Tax Law,
the term: "additional deductions for expenses" shall mean a monthly
deduction for expenses in the amount specified in Article 28 hereof in
addition to the deduction for expenses of RMB 800.
Article 27
For the purposes of the third paragraph of Article 6 of the Tax Law,
the term "the scope of applicability of such additional deductions for
expenses" shall mean:
(1) foreign nationals working in foreign investment enterprises and
foreign enterprises in the People's Republic of China;
(2) foreign experts hired to work in enterprises, institutions,
social organizations and government agencies in the People's Republic of
China;
(3) individuals who are domiciled in the People's Republic of China
and derive income from wages and salaries by virtue of their tenure of an
office or employment outside the People's Republic of China; and
(4) other personal as determined by the Ministry of Finance.
Article 28
The standard for the additional deductions for expenses mentioned in
the third paragraph of Article 6 of the Tax Law shall be RMB 3200.
Article 29
Overseas Chinese and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots shall be
treated by reference to Article 26, 27 and 28 hereof.
Article 30
Individuals who are domiciled in the People's Republic of China, or
who are not domiciled but have resided in the People's Republic of China
for at least one year shall calculate the amounts of tax payable for
income derived from sources within and outside the People's Republic of
China separately.
Article 31
For the purposes of Article 7 of the Tax Law, the term "income tax
paid to foreign authorities" shall mean the amount of income tax payable,
and actually paid, on income derived by a taxpayer from sources outside
the People's Republic of China, according to the laws of the country or
region from which that income was derived.
Article 32
For the purposes of Article 7 of the Tax Law, the term "the amount of
tax otherwise payable under this Law" shall mean the amount of tax payable
on income derived by a taxpayer from sources outside the People's Republic
of China, computed separately for each different country or region and for
each different income category, in accordance with the standards for the
deduction of expenses and the applicable tax rates stipulated in the Tax
Law. The sum of the amounts of tax payable in the different income
categories within the same country or region shall be the limit for
deductions for that country or region.
If the actual amount of individual income tax paid by a taxpayer in a
country or region outside the People's Republic of China is less than the
limit for deductions for that country or region computed in accordance
with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the balance shall be paid
in the People's Republic of China. If the amount exceeds the limit for
deductions for that country or areas, the excess portion may not be
deducted from the amount of tax payable for that Tax Year; however, such
excess portion may be deducted from any unused portion of the limit for
deductions for that country or region during subsequent Tax Years, for a
maximum period of five years.
Article 33
When taxpayers apply for approval to deduct the amounts of individual
income tax paid outside the People's Republic of China in accordance with
Article 7 of the Tax Law, they shall provide the original tax payment
receipts issued by the tax authorities outside the People's Republic of
China.
Article 34
When withholding agents make taxable payments to individuals, they
shall withhold tax in accordance with the Tax Law, pay the tax over to the
treasury in a timely manner, and keep special records for future
inspection.
For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, the term "payments"
shall include payments in cash, payments by remittance, payments by
account transfer, and payments in the form of negotiable securities,
physical objects and other forms.
Article 35
Taxpayers who personally file tax returns shall file the returns with
and pay tax to the tax authorities-in-charge of the place where their
income is derived. Taxpayers who derive income from sources outside the
People's Republic of China, or who derive income in two or more places
inside the People's Republic of China, may select one place in which to
file tax returns and pay tax. Taxpayers who wish to change the location in
which they file tax returns and pay tax shall obtain the approval of the
original tax authorities-in-charge.
Article 36
When taxpayers who personally file tax returns file their returns,
tax payments that have been withheld inside the People's Republic of China
may be deducted from the amount of tax payable, in accordance with
relevant regulations.
Article 37
Taxpayers who concurrently derive income under two or more of the
categories listed in Article 2 of the Tax Law shall compute and pay tax
separately for each category. Taxpayers who derive income under items
(1), (2) or (3) of Article 2 of the Tax Law in two or more places inside
the People's Republic of China shall combine the income under the same
category for the computation and payment of tax.
Article 38
For the purposes of the second paragraph of Article 9 of the Tax Law,
the term "specified industries" shall mean the excavation industry,
ocean-shipping industry, deepsea fishing industry and other industries as
determined by the Ministry of Finance.
Article 39
For the purposes of the second paragraph of Article 9 of the Tax Law,
the term "tax computed on an annual basis and paid in advance in monthly
installments" shall mean the monthly prepayment of the tax payable on the
income from wages and salaries of staff and workers in the specified
industries listed in Article 38 hereof, and the computation of the actual
tax payment due, within 30 days from the last day of the year, by
averaging over 12 months the total wages and salary income for the whole
year, at which time excess payments shall be refunded and deficiencies
shall be made good.
Article 40
For the purposes of the fourth paragraph of Article 9 of the Tax Law,
the phrase "the tax shall be paid into the state treasury within 30 days
after the end of each tax year" shall mean that taxpayers who derive their
income from contracted or leased operation of enterprises in a lump sum
payment at the end of the year, shall pay the tax payable thereon into the
State treasury within 30 days of the date on which the income is derived.
Article 41
In accordance with Article 10 of the Tax Law, foreign currency income
shall be converted into Renminbi for the computation of the amount of
taxable income at the exchange rate published by the People's Bank of
China on the last day of the month preceding that in which the tax payment
receipt is issued. At the time of the annual settlement after the end of
the year in accordance with the Tax Law, the amounts of foreign currency
income on which tax has been prepaid on a monthly basis or each time the
income was derived shall not be converted again. As for the portion of
income the tax on which is to be made up, the amount of taxable income
shall be computed by converting such portion of income into Renminbi
according to the exchange rate published by the People's Bank of China on
the last day of the preceding Tax Year.
Article 42
When tax authorities pay commissions to withholding agents in
accordance with Article 11 of the Tax Law, they shall issue to the
withholding agents monthly refund certificate, on the strength of which
the withholding agent shall carry out treasury refund procedures with
designated banks.
Article 43
The models for individual income tax returns, individual income tax
withholding returns and individual income tax payment receipts shall be
formulated by the State Administration of Taxation in a unified manner.

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